Monday, December 10, 2012

Literature Analysis #5


All the Pretty Horses

1.  Struggling with the death of his grandfather, John Grady Cole runs away from home after his mother reveals her plans of selling their ranch and moving away from Texas.  Making this journey with young boys by the names of Rawlins and Jimmy Blevins, they soon make their way to Mexico.  During the chaos of a lightning storm, Blevins loses his horse, the main method of travel of the boys, and it is soon claimed by another in town.  While plotting to steal back the horse, the other two boys become separated from Blevins, but are soon able to escape their pursuers, eventually finding work as cowboys down south.   While working on the ranch, John Grady falls in love with the ranch owner's daughter, and upon finding out about this love affair,  John Grady and Rawlins are turned over to the police.  Blevins had returned to town during their separation to retrieve his gun, and killing multiple townspeople, was imprisoned, along with this "accomplices."  Blevins is executed, while John Grady and Rawlins remain imprisoned until the great-aunt of John's lover bails them out of prison.  Upon getting released, Rawlins returns to Texas, but John Grady returns to be with Alejandra.  Alejandra soon decides she cannot leave her family to be with John Grady, leaving him heartbroken.  Determined to reclaim his horse before returning to Texas, John Grady risks his life, but is over to overcome the opposition, riding into the setting sun at the end of the novel.

2. All the Pretty Horses is largely a coming-of-age novel.  The boys rebel against their families, running away from home.  John Grady unexpectedly finds love, and is immediately infatuated with Alejandra.  The characters are unsure of who the are and what their course in life will be.  However, by the end of the novel John Grady appears to be a hero, taking on the role of being a father to Blevins, understanding how to love Alejandra, and becoming a true friend to Rawlins.

3.  The tone of the novel is almost somber, as the reality of the West is truly revealed.  John Grady ran away hoping to find freedom in Mexico.  However, once there, he is repeatedly faced with tragedy upon tragedy.


Monday, December 3, 2012

Vocabulary List


aberration - (noun) an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image; a disorder in one's mental state; a state or condition markedly different from the norm
abeyance - noun temporary cessation or suspension
abortive - adj. failing to accomplish an intended result
acerbity - noun a sharp sour taste; a sharp bitterness; a rough and bitter manner
acumen - noun a tapering point; shrewdness shown by keen insight
accolade - noun a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction
Ad hoc- (adverb) for the special purpose or end presently under consideration
adjudicate - verb bring to an end; settle conclusively; put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of
adumbrate - verb give to understand; describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of
affinity - noun a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; inherent resemblance between persons or things; the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule;(immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody; a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; (biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts; (anthropology) kinship by marriage or adoption; not a blood relationship
aficionado - noun a serious devotee of some particular music genre or musical performer; a fan of bull fighting
ambivalent - adj. uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow
anachronism - noun an artifact that belongs to another time; a person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to another age; something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred
apocryphal - adj. being of questionable authenticity; of or belonging to the Apocrypha
apogee - noun apoapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is at the greatest distance from the Earth; a final climactic stage
apostate - adj. not faithful to religion or party or cause; noun a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party or friend etc.
apotheosis - noun the elevation of a person (as to the status of a god); model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal
apropos - adj. of an appropriate or pertinent nature; adv. by the way; at an opportune time
ascetic - adj. practicing great self-denial; pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic or the practice of rigorous self-discipline; noun someone who practices self denial as a spiritual discipline
attrition - noun the act of rubbing togeter; wearing something down by friction; a wearing down to weaken or destroy; sorrow for sin arising from fear of damnation; the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice; erosion by friction
bane - (noun) something causes misery or death
bathos - (noun) triteness or triviality of style; a change from a serious subject to a disappointing one; insincere pathos
bauble - noun a mock scepter carried by a court jester; cheap showy jewelry or ornament on clothing
beatitude - noun one of the eight sayings of Jesus at the beginning of the Sermon on the Mount; in Latin each saying begins with `beatus' (blessed); a state of supreme happiness
beguile - verb attract; cause to be enamored; influence by slyness
beleaguer - verb surround so as to force to give up; annoy persistently
bete noire- noun someone or something which is particularly disliked or avoided; an object of aversion, the bane of one’s existence
bicker - noun a quarrel about petty points; verb argue over petty things
bilious - adj. suffering from or suggesting a liver disorder or gastric distress; relating to or containing bile; irritable as if suffering from indigestion
bode - verb indicate by signs
bravado - noun a swaggering show of courage
bromide - noun any of the salts of hydrobromic acid; formerly used as a sedative but now generally replaced by safer drugs; a trite or obvious remark
browbeat - verb discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner; intimidate; be bossy towards
bruit - verb tell or spread rumors
Burgeon- verb grow and flourish
cantankerous - (adj.) having a difficult and contrary disposition; stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate
carte blanche - noun complete freedom or authority to act
casuistry - (noun) moral philosophy based on the application of general ethical principles to resolve moral dilemmas; argumentation that is specious or excessively subtle and intended to be misleading
cataclysm - noun an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
chauvinist - noun an extreme bellicose nationalist; a person with a prejudiced belief in the superiority of his or her own kind
chronic - adj. being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering
coalesce - verb fuse or cause to grow together; mix together different elements
cognate - adj. having the same ancestral language; related by blood; related in nature; noun a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language; one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another
commensurate - adj. corresponding in size or degree or extent
complement - noun something added to complete or make perfect;either of two parts that mutually complete each other; a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction; number needed to make up a whole force; a complete number or quantity;one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response; verb make complete or perfect; supply what is wanting or form the complement to
consensus - noun agreement in the judgment or opinion reached by a group as a whole
contretemps - noun an awkward clash
contumacious - adj. wilfully obstinate; stubbornly disobedient
contumelious - adj. arrogantly insolent
convolution - noun the action of coiling or twisting or winding together; a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain; the shape of something rotating rapidly
corollary - noun (logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition; a practical consequence that follows naturally
cul de sac - noun a street with only one way in or out; a passage with access only at one end
cull - noun the person or thing that is rejected or set aside as inferior in quality; verb remove something that has been rejected;look for and gather
curmudgeon - noun a crusty irascible cantankerous old person full of stubborn ideas
dank - adj. unpleasantly cool and humid
debauch - noun a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity; verb corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
de facto - (noun) in fact; in reality
depredation - (noun) an act of plundering and pillaging and marauding; (usually plural) a destructive action
derring-do - noun brave and heroic deeds
diaphanous - adj. so thin as to transmit light
dichotomy - noun being twofold; a classification into two opposed parts or subclasses
dictum - noun an authoritative declaration; an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding
didactic - adj. instructive (especially excessively)
disingenuous - adj. not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness
disparate - adj. including markedly dissimilar elements;fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind
disparity - noun inequality or difference in some respect
dissimulate - verb hide (feelings) from other people
divination - noun the art or gift of prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means; successful conjecture by unusual insight or good luck; a prediction uttered under divine inspiration
dogmatic - adj. characterized by assertion of unproved or unprovable principles; relating to or involving dogma; of or pertaining to or characteristic of a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative
eclat - noun brilliant or conspicuous success or effect; ceremonial elegance and splendor; enthusiastic approval
ecumenical - adj. of worldwide scope or applicability; concerned with promoting unity among churches or religions
effusive - adj. extravagantly demonstrative; uttered with unrestrained enthusiasm
elixir - noun a substance believed to cure all ills; a sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste; a hypothetical substance that the alchemists believed to be capable of changing base metals into gold
emolument - noun compensation received by virtue of holding an office or having employment (usually in the form of wages or fees)
empathy - (noun) understanding and entering into another's feelings
empirical - adj. derived from experiment and observation rather than theory; relying on medical quackery
ensconce - verb fix firmly
euphoria - noun a feeling of great (usually exaggerated) elation
exculpate - verb pronounce not guilty of criminal charges
expound - verb add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; state
factionalism. noun refers to arguments or disputes among two or more small groups within a larger group
fastidious - adj. giving careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness; having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures
faux pas - noun social mishap, party foul
fervid - adj. extremely hot; characterized by intense emotion
fetid - adj. offensively malodorous
flamboyant - adj. richly and brilliantly colorful; elaborately or excessively ornamented; noun showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
folderol - noun nonsensical talk or writing
foray - noun an initial attempt (especially outside your usual areas of competence); a sudden short attack; verb briefly enter enemy territory; steal goods; take as spoils
fulminate - noun a salt or ester of fulminic acid; verb cause to explode violently and with loud noise; come on suddenly and intensely; criticize severely
fulsome - adj. unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech
fustian - noun a strong cotton and linen fabric with a slight nap;pompous or pretentious talk or writing
gambol - noun gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; verb play boisterously
gargantuan - adj. of great mass; huge and bulky
gamut - noun a complete extent or range: "a face that expressed a gamut of emotions"; the entire scale of musical notes
gothic - adj. characterized by gloom and mystery and the grotesque; of or relating to the Goths; of or relating to the language of the ancient Goths; characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German; as if belonging to the Middle Ages; old-fashioned and unenlightened; noun a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches; a heavy typeface in use from 15th to 18th centuries; extinct East Germanic language of the ancient Goths; the only surviving record being fragments of a 4th-century translation of the Bible by Bishop Ulfilas
genre - noun a class of art (or artistic endeavor) having a characteristic form or technique; a kind of literary or artistic work; an expressive style of music; a style of expressing yourself in writing
harbinger - (noun) an indication of the approach of something or someone; verb foreshadow or presage
hauteur - noun overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors
hedonism - (noun) an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good; the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
heyday - noun the period of greatest prosperity or productivity
hoi polloi - noun the common people, the masses
ineffable - adj. too sacred to be uttered; defying expression or description
homily - noun a sermon on a moral or religious topic
iconoclastic - adj. destructive of images used in religious worship; said of religions, such as Islam, in which the representation of living things is prohibited; characterized by attack on established beliefs or institutions
imbue - verb suffuse with color; fill, soak, or imbue totally; spread or diffuse through
immaculate - adj. completely neat and clean; free from stain or blemish; without fault or error
immolate - verb offer as a sacrifice by killing or by giving up to destruction
immure - verb lock up or confine, in or as in a jail
impasse - noun a street with only one way in or out; a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible
imperceptible - adj. impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses
imprecation - noun the act of calling down a curse that invokes evil (and usually serves as an insult); a slanderous accusation
inchoate - adj. only partly in existence; imperfectly formed
in medias res - into the middle of things
incubus - noun a male demon believed to lie on sleeping persons and to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women; someone who depresses or worries others; a situation resembling a terrifying dream
ineluctable - adj. impossible to avoid or evade:"inescapable conclusion"
infrastructure - noun the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area; the basic structure or features of a system or organization
inhibit - verb limit the range or extent of; to put down by force or authority
insouciant - adj. marked by blithe unconcern
internecine - adj. characterized by bloodshed and carnage for both sides; (of conflict) within a group or organization
inveigle - verb influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering
jeremiad - noun a long and mournful complaint
kudos - noun an expression of approval and commendation
lackey - noun a male servant (especially a footman); a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage
lackluster - (adj.) lacking luster or shine; lacking brilliance or vitality
lagniappe - noun a small gift (especially one given by a merchant to a customer who makes a purchase)
lampoon - noun a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way; verb ridicule with satire
liaison - noun a channel for communication between groups; a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship
licentious - adj. lacking moral discipline; especially sexually unrestrained
lucubration - noun laborious cogitation; a solemn literary work that is the product of laborious cogitation
lugubrious - adj. excessively mournful
maladroit - adj. doesn't do well under stressful conditions
malcontent - (adj.) discontented as toward authority; noun a person who is discontented or disgusted
malleable - adj. capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out;easily influenced
matrix - noun mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface; the formative tissue at the base of a nail; the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded; a rectangular array of elements (or entries) set out by rows and columns; an enclosure within which something originates or develops (from the Latin for womb)
maudlin - adj. effusively or insincerely emotional
mellifluous - (adj.) pleasing to the ear
mercurial - adj. relating to or containing or caused by mercury;relating to or having characteristics (eloquence, shrewdness, swiftness, thievishness) attributed to the god Mercury; relating to or under the (astrological) influence of the planet Mercury; liable to sudden unpredictable change
metamorphosis - noun a complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft; the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals; a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances
mete - noun a line that indicates a boundary
mnemonic - adj. of or relating to or involved the practice of aiding the memory; noun a device (such as a rhyme or acronym) used to aid recall
modulate - verb vary the frequency, amplitude, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves); adjust the pitch, tone, or volume of; change the key of, in music; fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; vary the pitch of one's speech
monolithic - adj. characterized by massiveness and rigidity and total uniformity; imposing in size or bulk or solidity
mot juste - noun the approprite word or expression
mystique - noun an aura of heightened value or interest or meaning surrounding a person or thing
nemesis - noun (Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance; something causes misery or death
nepotism - (noun) favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs)
nihilism - noun a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake; complete denial of all established authority and institutions; the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
non sequitur - a conclusion not based logically on evidence, not based on premise
noxious - adj. injurious to physical or mental health
obloquy - noun state of disgrace resulting from public abuse; a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions
obsequious - adj. attentive in an ingratiating or servile manner;attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery
opportunist - adj. taking immediate advantage, often unethically, of any circumstance of possible benefit; noun a person who places expediency above principle
opt - verb select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative
palliate - verb provide physical relief, as from pain; lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of
pander - (noun) someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce); verb arrange for sexual partners for others; yield (to); give satisfaction to
panache - noun a feathered plume on a helmet; distinctive and stylish elegance
parameter - noun a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves; a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data; any factor that defines a system and determines (or limits) its performance
parlous - adj. fraught with danger
patrician - adj. of the hereditary aristocracy or ruling class of ancient Rome or medieval Europe; of honorary nobility in the Byzantine empire; belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy; noun a person of refined upbringing and manners; a member of the aristocracy
peccadillo - (noun) a petty misdeed
persona - noun (Jungian psychology) a personal facade that one presents to the world; an actor's portrayal of someone in a play
piece de resistance - (noun) the most noteworthy or prized feature, aspect, event, article, etc., of a series or group; special item or attraction.
philippic - noun a speech of violent denunciation
philistine - adj. of or relating to ancient Philistia or the culture of the Philistines; smug and ignorant and indifferent or hostile to artistic and cultural values; noun a member of an Aegean people who settled ancient Philistia around the 12th century BC; a person who is uninterested in intellectual pursuits
picaresque - adj. involving clever rogues or adventurers especially as in a type of fiction
polemic - adj. of or involving dispute or controversy; noun a controversy (especially over a belief or dogma); a writer who argues in opposition to others (especially in theology)
populous - adj. densely populated
portentous - adj. of momentous or ominous significance; puffed up with vanity; ominously prophetic
prescience - noun the power to foresee the future
probity - noun complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles
prolix - adj. tediously prolonged or tending to speak or write at great length
propitiate - verb make peace with
protege - noun a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege's career
protocol - noun code of correct conduct; forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state; (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data
prototype - noun a standard or typical example
prurient - adj. characterized by lust
punctilio - noun strict observance of formalities; a fine point of etiquette or petty formality
pundit - noun someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field
quagmire - noun a soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot
queasy - adj. causing or fraught with or showing anxiety; feeling nausea; feeling about to vomit; causing or able to cause nausea
quid pro quo - noun something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) in return for something he does or gives or promises
quixotic - adj. not sensible about practical matters; unrealistic
raconteur - noun a person skilled in telling anecdotes
remand - (noun) the act of sending an accused person back into custody to await trial (or the continuation of the trial); verb refer (a matter or legal case) to another committee or authority or court for decision; lock up or confine, in or as in a jail
risible - adj. arousing or provoking laughter
sic - adv. intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase); verb urge a dog to attack someone
refractory - adj. temporarily unresponsive or not fully responsive to nervous or sexual stimuli; not responding to treatment; stubbornly resistant to authority or control; noun lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace
repartee - noun adroitness and cleverness in reply
resplendent - adj. having great beauty and splendor
sacrosanct - adj. must be kept sacred
salubrious - adj. favorable to health of mind or body; promoting health; healthful
saturnalian - Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry; dissolute.
savoir-faire - noun social skill
sine qua non - something essential, irreplaceable
stigmatize - verb mark with a stigma or stigmata; to accuse or condemn or openly or formally or brand as disgraceful
sub rosa - adv in secret, privately
supervene - verb take place as an additional or unexpected development
sublimate - adj. made pure; noun the product of vaporization of a solid; verb direct energy or urges into useful activities; vaporize and then condense right back again; change or cause to change directly from a solid into a vapor without first melting; remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation; make more subtle or refined
sycophant - noun a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage
symptomatic - adj. relating to or according to or affecting a symptom or symptoms; characteristic or indicative of e.g. a disease
syndrome- (noun) a complex of concurrent things; a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
systemic - adj. affecting an entire system
tautology - noun useless repetition; (logic) a statement that is necessarily true
tendentious - adj. having or marked by a strong tendency especially a controversial one
touchstone - noun a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
traumatic - adj. psychologically painful; "few experiences are more traumatic than losing a child"; of or relating to a physical injury or wound to the body
truckle - noun a low bed to be slid under a higher bed; verb yield to out of weakness; try to gain favor by cringing or flattering
truncate - adj. terminating abruptly by having or as if having an end or point cut off; verb make shorter as if by cutting off; approximate by ignoring all terms beyond a chosen one; replace a corner by a plane
unconscionable - adj. greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation; lacking a conscience
unimpeachable - adj. beyond doubt or reproach; completely acceptable; not open to exception or reproach; free of guilt; not subject to blame
vainglory - noun outspoken conceit
vendetta - noun a feud in which members of the opposing parties murder each other
vestige - noun an indication that something has been present
vicissitude - noun mutability in life or nature (especially successive alternation from one condition to another); a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something
vitiate - verb take away the legal force of or render ineffective; make imperfect; corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
volition - noun the act of making a choice; the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention
volte-face - noun a major change in attitude or principle or point
of view
waggish - adj. witty or joking

Thursday, November 29, 2012

Thinking Outside the Box

Compare how Plato and Sartre describe the limitations of our thinking and imply solutions to the problem.  Be sure to analyze their literary techniques, especially their use of allegory and extended metaphor.

Plato and Sartre both send a message of restriction through an extended metaphor. Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" is centered on the lives of three prisoners who are constrained to their dark, sheltered cave. They make assumptions based only from the foggy shadows that flash in front of them, but the pain of reality keeps them satisfied with their aloof lifestyle. In a similar way, the characters in "No Exit" are limited. Garcin, Estella, and Inez are extremely flawed individuals stuck in Hell. Sartre sees others as the catalyst of destruction. He sees liberation from society's negativity as the key to enlightenment. The moment you step back and look to yourself for answers, drop the worry of a "faux pas", and separate from the pack, the truth can surface.

Sunday, November 25, 2012

Literature Analysis #4

A Christmas Carol
By: Charles Dickens

1. Summary

A Christmas Carol is centered around the main, dynamic character, Ebenezer Scrooge. He starts as a greedy, independent, fun-killer. He is stingy with his money, has not an ounce of festivity, and has been a loner for years since his partner Jacob Marley passed. He is met in this story by the ghost of Marley himself, and three Christmas ghosts with the intent to change his boring, unfriendly ways. The first, being the Ghost of Christmas Past, takes Ebenezer back to his relationship with Belle, which failed due to his self-interest. The second, the Ghost of Christmas Present, takes him to the frugal life of the Cratchit family. He witnesses the handicapped son, Tiny Tim, and this is the turning point of Ebenezer's outlook. His complete transformation, however, comes when the third ghost, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, informs him that he is the dead, rich businessman on the tomb stone. From this point on, Ebenezer becomes jolly, philanthropic, and kind. He makes a point to be in the "Christmas spirit", and is extremely helpful and giving to Tiny Tim.

2. Theme

The main theme in A Christmas Carol is kindness. The saying, "Honey will get you further than vinegar.", is exemplified in this fictional story. Ebenezer starts as a sour, cranky old man. He has wealth, but no relationships or family in his life. When he lightens up at the resolution, he is loved and enjoys life much more.

3. Literary Devices

Simile:

  • "Old Marley was as dead as a doornail."
  • "Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire."
Imagery:
  • "...Candles were flaring in the windows of the neighboring offices, like ruddy smears upon the palpable brown air."
  • "Foggier yet, and colder. Piercing, searching, biting cold!."
Personification:
  • "To see the dingy cloud come drooping down, obscuring everything, one might have thought that Nature lived hard by, and was brewing on a large scale."
Diction:
  • "Bah. Humbug."

4. Characterization

Dickens uses direct characterization throughout the story.
  • "Secret and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster."
  • "(Scrooge) a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner."
  • "The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his his cheek, softened his gait, made his eyes red, his thin lips blue, and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice."
  • "It was a habit with Scrooge, whenever he became thoughtful to put his hands in his breeches' pockets."



Allegory of the Cave Sonnet

Prisoners locked up
No sense of reality,
Because knowing the truth
Can be such a calamity.

So much knowledge
In so little time,
But who knew the leadership
Could require such climb.

Taking the plunge
To reveal the great wonders,
Is too often held back
With the fear of encumbers.

Deviating from the norm is hard at first,
But take action early to avoid being immersed.

Monday, November 19, 2012

Plato Study Questions


1. According to Socrates, what does the Allegory of the Cave represent?

The cave represents reality. The prisoners think they are aware of their surroundings, but in reality they have no idea of who is passing behind them, but only the blobs of shapes their shadows make.

2. What are the key elements in the imagery used in the allegory?



3. What are some things the allegory suggests about the process of enlightenment or education?

4. What do the imagery of "shackles" and the "cave" suggest about the perspective of the cave dwellers or prisoners?

5. In society today or in your own life, what sorts of things shackle the mind?

6. Compare the perspective of the freed prisoner with the cave prisoners?

7. According to the allegory, lack of clarity or intellectual confusion can occur in two distinct ways or contexts. What are they?

8. According to the allegory, how do cave prisoners get free? What does this suggest about intellectual freedom?

9. The allegory presupposes that there is a distinction between appearances and reality. Do you agree? Why or why not?

10. If Socrates is incorrect in his assumption that there is a distinction between reality and appearances, what are the two alternative metaphysical assumptions?

Saturday, November 10, 2012

Literature Analysis #3

Gulliver's Travels    
By: Jonathan Swift

1. Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, follows Lemuel Gulliver's sea-bound journey among many English colonies after his business goes under. He makes his way to four colonies, the first being Lilliput. This land is colonized by tiny "Lilliputians" who welcome Gulliver with open arms. They treat him as royalty, and see him as a great asset to their province. Some conflicts arise with the emergence of a palace fire, and Gulliver is forced to travel to his new destination, Blefuscu, the Lilliput's enemy. He is only here for a short time, to fix his boat and return to his family in England. He doesn't remain in England long, and after two months, he is of to his next land, this time occupied with giants, Brobdingnag. He is sold to the Queen as some sort of joke, and used for his entertainment value once again. It is an unwelcoming experience for him. The people have no boundaries and are completely ignorant, so fortunately he is carried back to sea. Gulliver, however, hits another bump in the road when he comes across pirates and is forced to make landfall in Laputa. This land is night and day from the last destination. The inhabitants are educated and completely engulfed in their studies. Feeling aloof, he stays on the move, and sets on his fourth and final journey to an unknown land. This time the population consists of houyhnhnms, horses, and yahoos, the human counterparts that rule the horse-like creatures. He wears out his welcome quickly, and the houyhnhnms soon see him as a yahoo, and he is banished. After his reflection on the idea of colonialism and the regions he has encountered, he comes to the conclusion that all of the land belongs to England.

2. The theme in this novel is alienation. He travels to the different provinces of England and the audience gets the feel for the different utopias, and how each land is completely different and unaware of the outside world. For example, in the Brobdingnag land, the people are completely clueless, and treat Gulliver as this amazing tiny, entertaining toy.

3. The tone in Gulliver's Travels is satirical. At first Gulliver has an innocent and candid outlook. He goes on his beginning journeys with hope and curiosity. By his last destination, he has lost respect for the civilizations he has visited, and thinks that they are ignorant and useless. This is satirical to England, and the colonization of English utopias.

  • "...that whoever could make two ears of corn, or two blades of grass, to grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together.” 
  • "…he leaves me worse than in ignorance, for I am led to believe a thing black when it is white, and short when it is long.” 
4. Characterization: Gulliver narrates this novel in first person, and Swift uses indirect characterization. We learn Gulliver's personality and his views as he goes on his voyages. As for the minor characters, Gulliver directly informs the audience.

  • "...taller than his brethren by the breadth of a human fingernail.”
  • "in observing the manners and dispositions of the people, as well as learning their language; wherein I had a great facility, by the strength of my memory.” 

Symbolism: The countries that Gulliver travels to are symbols of the utopianism in England during the eighteenth century. The imaginary lands that Gulliver visits, the Lilliputians, the Brobdingnagians, the Laputans, and the Houyhnhnms all represent the real English colonies.

  • "I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.” 

Foreshadowing: With Gulliver witnessing ignorant societies every place he stops, he is bound to eventually reject the civilization as a whole. This occurs on his fourth, and final journey to the land of the Houyhnhnms.

  • "I observe among you some lines of an institution, which, in its original, might have been tolerable, but these half erased, and the rest wholly blurred and blotted by corruptions."

Thursday, November 8, 2012

Sonnet Analysis Part 1

I have chosen Robert Frost's sonnet, Design. This work appealed to me as it contains imagery and will be relatively easy to visualize while memorizing. My knowledge of sonnets at this point ends with knowing that they are poems of fourteen lines, typically having ten syllables per line.

Big Question

If life is so short, why do we do so many things we don't like, and like so many things we don't do?

Wednesday, November 7, 2012

Vocabulary Week 11

Affinity- relationship by marriage

Bilious- of or indicative of a peevish ill nature disposition
Cognate- of the same nature

Corollary- A proposition inferred Immediately from a proved proposition with little or no additional proof 

Cul-de-sac - a pouch

Derring-do- a daring action

Divination- The art or practice that seeks to foretell future events or discover hidden knowledge due to the interpretation of omens 

Elixir- A substance capable of prolonging life indefinitely 
Folderol- a useless accessory 

Gamut- an entire range or series

Hoi polloi- the General populace

Ineffable- incapable of being expressed in words 

Lucubration- to study by night 

Mnemonic- intended to assist memory

Obloquy- abusive language

Parameter- an independent variable used to express the coordinates of variable point and functions of them

Pundit- a learned man 

Risible- provoking laughter

Symptomatic- having the characteristics of a certain disease but arising of a different cause 

Volte-face- a reversal in policy

Sonnet: Design by: Robert Frost


Design

I found a dimpled spider, fat and white,
On a white heal-all, holding up a moth
Like a white piece of rigid satin cloth --
Assorted characters of death and blight
Mixed ready to begin the morning right,
Like the ingredients of a witches' broth --
A snow-drop spider, a flower like a froth,
And dead wings carried like a paper kite.

What had that flower to do with being white,
The wayside blue and innocent heal-all?
What brought the kindred spider to that height,
Then steered the white moth thither in the night?
What but design of darkness to appall?--
If design govern in a thing so small. 

Hamlet PLN

Here are my fabulous 5 outside resources for Hamlet. :)

1. www.bcsd.org/webpages/chall/ap.cfm

This AP Literature class's website is a great source for those students who enjoy studying through discussion and study questions.

2. www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=hamlet-quiz-ap-english-literature-composition

This link leads to a quiz on Hamlet, created by AP students, for AP students.

3. chisnell.com/apeng/lists/hamlet/allitems.aspx

This link is my personal favorite, and a critical discussion of Hamlet among AP students.

4. http://www.crawfordsworld.com/jaimie/engIVH/hamindex.htm

This website has an array of Hamlet links with notes, text, and character analyses.

5. flashcardexchange.com/tag/hamlet

This contains quizzes on specific acts in Hamlet and also flashcards.

Tuesday, October 30, 2012

Hurricane Sandy's Effects on the East Coast

MIT was closed yesterday due to considerations for Hurricane Sandy. There were no classes, and all non-essential personnel were off work for the three shifts of the day. While most of MIT Medical was closed, Urgent Care remained open.

McCormick and Baker Dining were open with limited service yesterday evening, though Simmons Late Night was closed. The rest of the dining halls functioned as usual.

The MBTA shut down service at 2 p.m. Monday, and all U.S. markets closed in preparation for the storm. This was the first market-wide shutdown since September 2001. Markets will remain closed today, though the MBTA is still planning to operate as of this writing.

The Tech has compiled a Sandy FAQ which can be found at http://techblogs.mit.edu/news/2012/10/hurricane-sandy-faq-how-not-to-get-eaten-by-your-labmate.

The Institute announced its closing at 8:15 p.m. Sunday through http://emergency.mit.net, MIT’s website for communicating campus emergencies. Alerts were sent to cell phones around 8:30 p.m. through the MIT Alert system, and a campus-wide email was sent at 8:34 p.m.

Hurricane Sandy brought winds of nearly 65 miles an hour to Massachusetts Monday afternoon, with the Green Building weather station monitoring gusts peaking at 40 mph. There was severe flooding in New Jersey, as well of pockets of flooding throughout Massachusetts. Sandy is the second largest Atlantic storm in the past 24 years (which is how long hurricane data has been tracked), having broken Hurricane Lili’s record from 1996. By press time Monday evening, over 350,000 homes in Massachusetts had lost power, and more blackouts are expected as the storm progresses.

The worst of the storm hit Massachusetts Monday afternoon — though Boston experienced only the outskirts of the storm. Sandy made landfall in New Jersey around 8:00 p.m. Monday, and as of this writing has been downgraded to a post-tropical cyclone. Rain will continue throughout Wednesday afternoon.

MIT will be open today, the Institute announced at 9:50 p.m. Monday through the emergency website, though it will have a delayed starting time of 9 a.m..

Preparations for Sandy

MIT took a number of steps to prepare for the storm. Residents in all dormitories were urged to keep a light source handy and to close their windows to prevent rain and wind damage. Jason Doucette, house manager of Next House, said in an email to the dorm that towels were available to students to help block their windows in case of leakage.

Roof drains and external drains of residence halls were cleaned of leaves to help prevent flooding, and water vacuums and sump pumps around campus were tested. MIT Dining received a number of large food deliveries Monday in case the storm caused transportation issues or food shortages. LaVerde’s and Café Spice remained open Monday (Dunkin’ Donuts, Subway, and Anna’s Taqueria were only open for the morning), though the rest of the restaurants in W20 were closed. The menu at LaVerde’s was limited, and a number of items on the grill were not available.

Facilities around MIT, including the Zesiger Center, were closed for the day. In an email to the athletics staff, Julie Soriero — director of athletics, physical education, and recreation — announced that if MIT closes, “all of our buildings, programs, practices, and PE classes will be cancelled.”

How do you prepare for a hurricane?

Students were encouraged to pack loose items and move furniture away from windows — all of which should be closed and locked. Any items in outdoor areas should be brought indoors, and electronic devices should be unplugged. Cell phones should be charged before the storm. People should stay inside and be aware that the power might go out. While all dormitories have emergency generators for powering the fire alarms and hallway/exit lighting, bedrooms and apartments will lose power. In an email to all housemasters, Dennis Collins, director of residential life for capital renewal and construction, warned that if Massachusetts lost power, MIT’s cogeneration plant would initially go down, activating the emergency generators. While the cogeneration plant should be able to restart within a few hours, those in the northwest area of campus who do not rely on the cogeneration plant may be on emergency power for a longer time.

“Power on campus is supplied by the Co-Gen plant,” said Kirk D. Kolenbrander, vice president and secretary of the MIT Corporation. “It’s quite reliable.”

Collins’ email also included other tips for weathering Sandy, such as things to include in a hurricane preparation kit (“useful items such as non-perishable food items and snacks, juices, soft drinks, bottled water, manual can opener, change of clothing, sturdy shoes, portable radio, first-aid kit, batteries, flashlight, eating utensils and containers for holding water. Refill prescription medicines,” the email read). He also noted that refrigerators without power can safely hold food for up to 12 hours if they are opened infrequently.

Sandy in Boston

MIT was not the only school in the Boston area to close for the day. All public schools in the Boston metropolitan area were closed, and a number of other colleges — including Harvard University, Boston University, Babson College, Wellesley College, and Northeastern University — shut operations down on Monday in preparation for Sandy. Public schools should be open today.

In a press conference Sunday afternoon, Governor Deval Patrick requested schools to close and for Bay Staters to stay off the roads during Sandy.

Federal aid is now supplementing local efforts, as President Barack Obama signed an emergency declaration for Massachusetts Sunday afternoon.

Logan Airport remains open, though the reliability of individual airlines will vary. Danny Levy, a spokeswoman for the Massachusetts Port Authority, suggested that travelers “check with airlines before venturing to the airport,” according to The Boston Globe.

Hurricane Sandy has been touted as the second “Perfect Storm” after the deadly storm of 1991, which inspired the 2000 film of the same name starring George Clooney and Mark Wahlberg. While the prior conditions for the storms are similar, they are not the same, and Sandy is not predicted to be as damaging.

Students who have problems with leaks or other storm-related issues should contact MIT Facilities at 617-253-1500. While MIT has increased the number of mechanics on shift for the next few days, those making calls should expect delays. More information about Hurricane Sandy can be found at the NOAA’s website at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/.

Vocabulary Week 10

aficionado- a serious devotee of some particular music genre or musical performer

browbeat- to discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner; intimidate

commensurate- able to be measured by a common standard

diaphanous- Of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent

emolument- Payment for an office or employment

foray- A sudden raid or military advance

genre- A realistic style of painting that depicts scenes from everyday life

homily- An inspirational saying or platitude

immure- To confine within or as if within walls; imprison

insouciant- carefree or unconcerned;
light-hearted
matrix- a substance, situation, or environment in which something has its origin, takes form, or is enclosed

obsequies- A funeral rite or ceremony

panache- A bunch of feathers or a plume, especially on a helmet.

persona- The role that one assumes or displays in public or society; one's public image or personality, as distinguished from the inner self

philippic- a bitter or impassioned speech of denunciation; invective

prurient- unusually or morbidly interested in sexual thoughts or practices

sacrosanct- Regarded as sacred and inviolable

systemic- Of or relating to systems or a system

tendentious- Marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan

vicissitude- A change or variation

Monday, October 29, 2012

Literature Analysis #2

Of Mice and Men
John Steinbeck

1. Of Mice and Men takes place in Central California, somewhere around the Salinas River Valley. The two main characters are George, the smarter, leader, and Lennie, the mentally handicapped friend who travels with George. The two have always been friends and they have a goal of owning their own ranch someday. Lennie is always getting the two in trouble. They have been released from their last job, and now at the new ranch, Lennie has a new focus, the boss' son's wife. Lennie really doesn't know his boundaries which leads to him getting much to close to Curley's wife, and ultimately breaking her neck. At this point, Lennie leaves and runs away back into the country where George instructed him to go if anything happens. George shows up later and shoots his friend in the head to save him from what would happen if Curley and the guys at the ranch got a hold of him.

2. The theme of this novel is friendship and tragedy. Lennie and George always have each other's best interests at heart. Even when George shoots Lennie, he is doing what is best for Lennie. The ending of the novel is tragic, as George has to kill his best/only friend as Lennie is thinking the "ranch dream."

3. John Steinbeck maintains a somber tone throughout the book. He starts by outlining the duo's lifestyle, which appeals to the readers emotions and makes us feel sympathetic to Lennie..Now feeling this way, Lennie is thrown an array of challenges which leads to his end.


  • "I wisht we'd get the rabbits pretty soon, George."
  • "I want you to stay with (Lennie)."
  • "You got it by heart,you can do it yourself".
4. FORESHADOWING: 

  • The dead mouse that Lennie finds at the start was an indication of Lennie's lack of finesse and led me to believe that more death was in the midst. This was foreshadowing for Curley's wife death, since both she and the mouse were "cuddled" by Lennie.
  • "You seen a girl around here?"
  • "God awmightly I never seen such a strong guy."
  • "He was so little," said Lennie. "I was jus' playin' with him....... an' he made like he's gonna bite me....an' ....an' I done it. An' then he was dead."


DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION:

  • " They are an unlikely pair: George is small and quick and dark of face. Lennie is a man of tremendous size, and has the mind of a young child.
  • "Let the big guy talk."
  • "Lennie looked timidly over to him."
  • "His huge companion..."(Lennie) 

IMAGERY:

  • "He took off his hat and wiped the sweat-band with his forefinger and snapped the moisture off."
  • "His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool; drank with long gulps, snorting the water like a horse."
  • "George knelt beside the pool and drank from his hand with quick scoops."


DICTION:


  • "Lennie never done it in meanness."
  • "He's such a nice fella. I didn't think he'd do nothing like this."
  • "All the time he done bad things, but he never done one of 'em mean."
  • "I.... I ain't gonna.... say a word."
  • "An' live off the fatta the lan'"


SETTING:


  • The novel is set in the 1930's in California. This sets up the farming and ranch dream of Lennie and George. It also is portrayed through the female role of Curley's wife as being subordinate to men.
  • "A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green."
  • "There is a path through the willows and among the sycamores, a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungle-up near water."
  • "I don't like Curley, he ain't a nice fella"






Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Tools That Change the Way We Think


One of the pros of the Internet has to do with the rapid access of information that would require many more hours of research resorting to the older more traditional methods.Interested people can order products from traditional chain stores such as Macy's, or order products from Internet based business. Some Internet users use the Internet to socialize on line with people who share common goals and interests. There is Facebook and various Blogs available to match compatible people of the same age. A lot of Internet community sites target the younger generations.

To Facebook or not to Facebook ?


Pros:
1. Keep in contact with loved ones.
2. Post pics of yourself looking fabulous.
3. Show travels.
4. Watch your friends, be involved in their lives.
5. Post funny videos.
6. Part of mass culture.

Cons:
1. Stalk people.
2. Misrepresenting who you are.
3. Shallow way to engage others.
4. Waste time.
5. Flash judgements.
6. Privacy issues.
7. Emphasized material over meaning.

info from:
http://www.proconlists.com/list/society-culture/facebook/2133

Who was Shakespeare ?

I was first introduced to William Shakespeare's works as a freshman, reading Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnetand Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 at age 49, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearancesexualityreligious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613.His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including HamletKing LearOthello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrotetragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.


resources used:
http://shakespeare.about.com/od/shakespearebasics/tp/Who_Was_Shakespeare.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare